To find the last login on Linux, use the “last”, “lastlog”, “/var/log/auth.log”, “who” and “lastb” commands that display username, terminal, date, and time.

Load average is the measure to determine the processes running or waiting to be run on the CPU. Three different methods can find the load average.

To find and change the MAC address, the ifconfig command, ip command, and “/sys/class/net/*/address” file are used in the system.

The Xmax scan can be performed using the nmap command in the system. This scan displays the status of the ports of the target machine.

The “/dev/null” is a powerful tool in Linux that allows users to discard unwanted data, suppress error messages, make files disappear, and many more.

To view the contents of the ZIP archive in Linux, “zmore”, “zcat”, “zip, and unzip”, “Vim editors”, and “7z Achiever” are utilized.

To see the rsync command progress, either use the “–progress” option of the rsync command or pipe the rsync command with “pv -lep”.

To copy the files from the remote to the local machine using the SCP, run the command “scp [user@SRC_HOST:]file1 hostmachine_loation”.

Top 5 media servers for Linux in 2023 are OSMC, Plex, Subsonic, Gerbera, and Madsonic. They are all feature-rich and equipped with all the basic functionalities.

To change the MTU size instantly in Linux, the ip, and ifconfig commands and to make them permanently make changes in the network configuration file.

To increase the swap space in Linux, we can create a new swap file or partition. Both methods are explained in detail in the blog.

To fix the “Linux read-only file system” error, repair the filesystem by using the “sudo fsck -f [filesystem path]” or “Disk” application via GUI.

To fix the “rtnetlink answers: file exists”, remove the duplicate gateway by commenting it from the network file or flush the previous name.

To fix the “tar: removing leading ‘/’ from member names”, users can utilize the “-C” before the path or “P” to use the absolute path.

To fix the “this kernel requires an x86 64 cpu” error, ensure that the machine supports the 64-bit operating system or install the 64-bit version.

To fix it, ensure the version of the VirtualBox 5 or above is installed. Secondly, the guest additions are also installed on the host OS.

The chmod 777 means that all the file users, including the owner, group members, and the other users, can perform the reading, writing, and execution.

The “libstdc++6” is a dependency package of the GCC compiler, and “libstdc++.so.6” is the symbolic link that points to the GCC path.

Linux offers the “taskset” command to set or retrieve the CPU affinity of a running and a new process or thread in the operating system.

Linux offers the “sudo mkfs.xfs” command to create an XFS file system by specifying the partition name in the system.

Linux offers the “quotes”, “backslashes”, and “tab-completion” methods to read a filename with spaces in a specified directory.

To show the PATH of an environment variable, execute the “echo”, “cat”, “env”, “set”, and “printenv” commands with the “PATH” variable.

Linux offers the “sshpass -p [password] ssh [user]@[host]” command to connect to the remote host using a non-interactive SSH login.

The “utmp”, “wtmp”, and “btmp” files store the info of currently logged-in users, historical logs of all logins and logouts, and the failed login attempts.

Linux offers “mount”, “df”, “cat /proc/mounts”, “lsblk”, and “findmnt” commands to check the mounted filesystem along with the mount point.

The absolute path gives the exact location of a file or directory, while the relative path refers to the file and directory in the current working directory.