Linux

Sharing large videos takes a lot of time, so FFmpeg is used to manipulate videos, change resolutions, and trim so that the size is reduced.

To create a “.pem” file using the SCP, use the “ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -e -m pem” command. Then, upload or download a file or directory using SCP.

When a user exceeds the assigned disk quota, it causes “Disk Quota Exceeded,” which is fixed by freeing the disk space or getting more quota.

Explore the differences between KDE and Gnome, two popular desktop environments for Linux. Decide which one is right for you.

To forcefully use wget for a proxy server without modifying system files, set “http_proxy” and “https_proxy” variables with server address and port.

Linux offers the “crontab -l” command to get a list of all scheduled cron jobs. It displays jobs on the basis of monthly, weekly, daily, and hourly.

To install dependencies automatically with the dpkg package manager, users can execute the “sudo apt install -f” command in the terminal.

To unzip the “.tgz” file in the Linux terminal, utilize the “tar”, and “gunzip”, commands. They required the zip file to have the “.tgz” extension.

To generate random strings in Linux, use the “Random Number Generator”, “OpenSSL library”, “UUID generator”, and “mktemp” commands.

In Linux, all the “.run” files can be installed by using the “chmod” command and the “Permissions” options to make them executable.

The “chmod +x” command modifies the file permissions and makes it executable. Also, make multiple files executables via the “chmod +x ” command.

To change the password on the root user and user account in Linux, execute the “sudo passwd root” and “sudo passwd ” commands, respectively.

To set the date through the command line, utilize the “date”, “hwclock”, “timedatectl” and “ntpdate” commands by specifying the “YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss” format.

The “export PATH=something:$PATH” command changes the “PATH” environment variable of the current system by specifying the path in the “something” variable.

To find all large files in the root filesystem, you can utilize the “find”, “du”, and “ncdu” commands. Also, you can specify the size limit, and sorting order.

To see the full log from systemctl status services, execute the “systemctl status service_name -l” command in the system.

To find the last login on Linux, use the “last”, “lastlog”, “/var/log/auth.log”, “who” and “lastb” commands that display username, terminal, date, and time.

Load average is the measure to determine the processes running or waiting to be run on the CPU. Three different methods can find the load average.

To find and change the MAC address, the ifconfig command, ip command, and “/sys/class/net/*/address” file are used in the system.

The Xmax scan can be performed using the nmap command in the system. This scan displays the status of the ports of the target machine.

The “/dev/null” is a powerful tool in Linux that allows users to discard unwanted data, suppress error messages, make files disappear, and many more.

To view the contents of the ZIP archive in Linux, “zmore”, “zcat”, “zip, and unzip”, “Vim editors”, and “7z Achiever” are utilized.

To see the rsync command progress, either use the “–progress” option of the rsync command or pipe the rsync command with “pv -lep”.

To copy the files from the remote to the local machine using the SCP, run the command “scp [user@SRC_HOST:]file1 hostmachine_loation”.

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To change the MTU size instantly in Linux, the ip, and ifconfig commands and to make them permanently make changes in the network configuration file.

To increase the swap space in Linux, we can create a new swap file or partition. Both methods are explained in detail in the blog.

To fix the “Linux read-only file system” error, repair the filesystem by using the “sudo fsck -f [filesystem path]” or “Disk” application via GUI.

To fix the “rtnetlink answers: file exists”, remove the duplicate gateway by commenting it from the network file or flush the previous name.

To fix the “tar: removing leading ‘/’ from member names”, users can utilize the “-C” before the path or “P” to use the absolute path.

To fix the “this kernel requires an x86 64 cpu” error, ensure that the machine supports the 64-bit operating system or install the 64-bit version.

To fix it, ensure the version of the VirtualBox 5 or above is installed. Secondly, the guest additions are also installed on the host OS.

The chmod 777 means that all the file users, including the owner, group members, and the other users, can perform the reading, writing, and execution.

The “libstdc++6” is a dependency package of the GCC compiler, and “libstdc++.so.6” is the symbolic link that points to the GCC path.

Linux offers the “taskset” command to set or retrieve the CPU affinity of a running and a new process or thread in the operating system.

Linux offers the “sudo mkfs.xfs” command to create an XFS file system by specifying the partition name in the system.

Linux offers the “quotes”, “backslashes”, and “tab-completion” methods to read a filename with spaces in a specified directory.

To show the PATH of an environment variable, execute the “echo”, “cat”, “env”, “set”, and “printenv” commands with the “PATH” variable.

Linux offers the “sshpass -p [password] ssh [user]@[host]” command to connect to the remote host using a non-interactive SSH login.

The “utmp”, “wtmp”, and “btmp” files store the info of currently logged-in users, historical logs of all logins and logouts, and the failed login attempts.

Linux offers “mount”, “df”, “cat /proc/mounts”, “lsblk”, and “findmnt” commands to check the mounted filesystem along with the mount point.

The absolute path gives the exact location of a file or directory, while the relative path refers to the file and directory in the current working directory.

Linux offers the “mount” command to mount the file system or partition on a specific directory. It is useful to access and control the file system from the OS.

Linux offers the “nstat” command to display real-time network statistics in the terminal. Also, you can visualize the information about specific kernels.

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Linux offers the “cat”, “less”, “more”, “head”, and “tail” commands to display the contents of a text file on the Linux command line.

Linux offers the “sestatus”, “getenforce” commands, and “etc/selinux/config” files to check whether SELinux is enabled or disabled.

Linux offers the “/etc/resolv.conf” file and the “Network Settings” in CLI and GUI methods to change the DNS server IP address in the system.

Linux offers the “smbpasswd” command with “-a” and “-x” options to add and delete samba users in Linux. For this, it is necessary to install the “samba” package.

Linux offers the “sysctl.conf” configuration file to permanently and temporarily disable the IPv6 services on Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Linux.

Linux offers the built-in “OpenSSL” library to create the “.crt” file that establishes a secure connection between a server and a web browser.

Linux offers the “free”, “top”, “vmstat”, and “cat /proc/meminfo” commands and “System Monitor” application (GUI) to check the available memory.

Linux offers the “curl -A” option, the “.curlrc” file, and the “CURL_USER_AGENT” environment variable to set the user agent.

Linux offers the “nemo” command to install the Nemo file manager in the system. Also, you can configure it as a default and perform many actions.

Linux offers the “fallocate” command to create a swap file in the operating system by specifying the file name and desired size.

Linux offers the “hexdump” command to visualize the contents of a file in a hexadecimal and ASCII, canonical, and custom format string.

To see all the IP addresses on your network, you can use the arp and nmap commands in Linux. Also, the third-party application, AngryIP, can be used.

To kill a process in Linux, the “kill”, “kilall”, “pkill”, “xkill” and “top” commands are used.
They require the process name or id to kill the process.

To reload the changes to Systemd unit files, execute the “systemctl daemon-reload” command. Also, you can reload the specific unit files in the system.

To restart the network interface on Linux, we must restart the service associated with the network manager. Read this post to learn more about it.

To change the GRUB timeout in Linux, open the “/etc/default/grub” configuration file and set the “GRUB_TIMEOUT” value in seconds.

The boot loader loads the OS into memory and starts it. It is responsible for initializing the system, performing hardware tests, and giving control to the OS.

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The “sshfs” command mounts the remote directory by specifying the local mount point. This command requires the “username” and “hostname” of the remote machine.

To unban an IP in fail2ban, the “fail2ban-client” utility is used by specifying the banned IP Address in IP List. This utility prevents unauthorized activity.

Linux offers the “cat” command to display the “MOTD” in the terminal. Also, users can display the custom MOTD after accessing the /etc/motd file.

The “stat”, “ls” and “find” commands are used to find the mtime of files in Linux. They display the modification time when the file’s content is modified.

Linux provides the “nano” and “vim” text editors to edit or modify the host or any other file using the “sudo” privilege. It is easy to access and use.